I. Overview :
In recent years, domestic crude oil gradually becomes heavy, and the proportion of heavy oil and thickened oil continuously increase, its atmospheric residue content also high. To fully and reasonably use limited oil resources and meet gradually-increasing demands of development of national economy in light oil products, light residual oil has become an important issue facing China's oil refining industry. FCC is one of the most important means of secondary processing of our refinery and heavy oil deep processing, and currently the FCC processing capacity in China ranks second in the world, Catalytic cracking residue blending quantity in the leading level of the world. In 1999, domestic (including petrochemical companies, oil and gas companies and local refinery) the FCC processing capacity was approximately over 63 million tons, accounting for 33% of crude oil processing capacity, and the average residue blending quantity reached the 21%.
With FCC raw material becoming heavy, its carbon residue and heavy metal content became increasingly high, leading to gradual increase of metal content such as Fe, Ni, Cu and V on FCC equilibrium catalyst. Catalyst suffered from severe heavy metal pollution, which resulted in decline of catalyst activity, decline in the processing capacity of FCC unit, increase of yield of hydrogen and coke, and reduction of yield of light oil and total liquid. At present, in addition to the metal deactivator, the most cost-effective method of solving heavy metal pollution and light oil yield decline is to select new-type cracking catalysts and catalytic heavy oil additives with high metal contamination resistance ability, good cracking performance, high water resistant thermal stability and good product selectivity, to improve the yield of light oil and total liquid and increase economic efficiency. According to current demand of the catalytic cracking unit in China, QPEC Research Institute and our company cooperated and developed new-type additive for rare earth heavy oil FCC technology. The new-type additive for rare earth heavy oil FCC enhances residue oil cracking ability of metal contamination resistance ability and has good cracking activity and product selectivity. Thus, it can significantly improve the yield of light oil and total liquid, to further increase economic efficiency.

II. Mechanism of Action
Activity of RSA-type heavy oil FCC additives is composed of high rare earth quasi ultra-stable Y molecular sieve, with characteristics of: high activity and stability, high cracking macromolecules ability and good selectivity.

III. Usage and Notes
Additives for rare earth heavy oil FCC can be fed with a small feeding system , with n o special requirements. The catalyst can be added to the system at normally supplement ary feed ing rate.
1 . G eneral ly s peaking , the performance of a dditives for rare earth heavy oil FCC cannot be fully displayed unless it accounts for more than 20% of system reserves. If raw oil has a high content of Na, Ca , Ni and V , it is recommended that the a dditives for rare earth heavy oil FCC should accounts for more than 30-40% of system reserves, thus, its strong anti- metal contamination will be displayed.
2 . A ttain desired product distribution and product quality , and then maintain catalyst supplementation with stable operation.
3 . Additives for rare earth heavy oil FCC can be used in a variety of heavy oil catalytic devices , particularly suitable for catalytic device s with thermal load limitation.
4 . Additives for rare earth heavy oil FCC can be used for residue blend , and can be used in heavy oil catalytic cracking units with higher contents of nickel and vanadium.
5 . Catalyst should be evenly added at a slow rate, so as to prevent a higher level of catalyst activity.
6 . Give full play to the function and role of a dditives for rare earth heavy oil FCC by t imely operation adjust ment and process parameter optimization.

IV. Major Advantages
I. The Characteristics of Additives for R are E arth H eavy O il FCC :
1 . Molecular sieve and matrix (carrier) of a dditives for rare earth heavy oil FCC is held together by chemical bond , which contributes to the activity stability and hydrothermal stability of m olecular sieve;
2 . S ince the matrix is distributed in the outer surface of the molecular sieve, accessibility to cracking molecule is increased, utilization of molecular sieve is improved , so that selective cracking can be conducted by molecular sieve as far as possible, and cracking product distribution can be improved ;
3 . Roasted kaolin may be converted into aluminum matrix with chemical activity, such as alumina and spinel. A ctive rare - earth oxides are deposited on its surface , which has a strong Ni and V resistance and heavy metal resistance.
4 . A ctive component is synthesized on the surface of the kaolin microspheres , with good abrasion resistance. The wear index is less than 1.5% , which greatly reduce the loss of catalyst.

V. Physical and chemical indicators of Additives for rare earth heavy oil FCC sh ould comply with the requirements in Table 1 .
P hysical and C hemical I ndicators

Table 1

VI. Package, Transportation and Storage:
1. Package: woven bag lined with plastic bag, divided into three weights, i.e. 25kg, 250kg and 500kg .
2. Transportation: prevent rain in transportation.
3. Storage: keep it in a dry warehouse.